Back-end loads are a sales commission levied by some load funds when an investor sells mutual fund shares. These back-end loads typically are structured as a contingent deferred sales charge (CDSC), which often start at 5% or 6% of money withdrawn within a year of buying the fund and then decline by a percentage point or so each year until they disappear. Back-end loads usually are set to compensate the distributor for marketing and selling the fund, especially to protect anticipated annual flows of 12b-1 fees. However, back-end loads may also be used to dissuade short-term traders; funds may set a high back-end load for money withdrawn within a very short time frame and then revert to the more general schedule of yearly declining load amounts referenced above. Read the rest of this entry »
In reviewing the expenses of mutual fund investors, it is useful to distinguish between expenses paid directly by shareholders as individual investors and expenses paid by the fund itself (which are paid indirectly by all fund shareholders). In general, fees related to distribution and redemption are paid by shareholders at the time of a specific event, while fees related to management and service are paid by the fund on an annual basis. But this general rule has a few exceptions—most important, 12b-1 fees, which are continuing distribution charges borne by funds as a percentage of their assets.
Sales loads are the most significant fees charged to shareholders individually. Sales loads are paid to the fund distributor, usually affiliated with the fund management company, and mostly passed on to the broker who helped close the sale. The maximum sales load is 81A%, though as a practical matter, sales loads now average 4% or 5%. Historically, all sales loads were paid by shareholders when purchasing fund shares at the front end of their investment and therefore were called front-end loads. Read the rest of this entry »
